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Mead, William R. "The Viking Achievement: A Survey of the Society and Culture of Early Medieval Scandinavia." Geographical Review. Vol. 61, No. 4. (Oct. 1971).
Traditional Cultures
Gash, Anthony. "Carnival against Lent: The Ambivalence of Medieval Drama." Medieval Literature: Criticism, Ideology, and History. Ed. David Aers. New York: St. Martin's, 1986. 74-98.
Carnival and Lent Themes in "Mankind"
Stoddard, Whitney S. Art and Architecture in Medieval France: Medieval Architecture, Sculpture, Stained Glass, Manuscripts, the Art of the Church Treasuries. New York: Westview Press, 1972.
The Sheela-na-gig
Medieval London. (accessed 08 April, 2004). <http://www.britainexpress.com/London/medieval-london.htm>).
Shifting Work Patterns
Beowulf and the Critics, by J.R.R. Tolkien. Edited by Michael D.C. Drout. Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies 248. Arizona Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, Tempe, AZ
Intricacy in "Beowulf"
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