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Koch, Edward I., Kemp, Jack F., Williams, Walter E., Kirsanow, Peter N., Taylor, Jared, and Buckley, William F., Jr. 1994. "Blacks, Jews, liberals, and crime: is the black-crime problem a crime problem, or is it a poverty problem, or an education problem?
Racism in the Police Force
Lemert, Edwin M. Human Deviance, Social Problems, and Social Control. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1967.
Labeling and Criminology
Hartnagel, T. F. (1998). Labour-Market Problems and Crime in the Transition from School to Work. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology , 35(4), 435-459.
Unemployment and Crime Rates
Nwcomb, M.D. and Bentler, P.M. (1986). Impact of adolescent drug use and social support on problems of young adults: A longitudinal study." J. Abnorm. Psychol. 97: 64-75.
Drug Screening
Oberwittler, Dietrich. Social Problems and Juvenile crimes. Feb.-Mar. 2005. 19 Sept. 2005 <http://www.iuscrim.mpg.de/forsch/krim/ oberwittler1_e.html>.
Criminal Theory
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