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Tanovich, David. "Why race Matters on Sentencing", Toronto Star, February 25, 2004.
Perpetuating Systemic Discrimination
Kansal, T. (2005). Racial disparity in sentencing: A review of the literature. Washington, DC: The Sentencing Project. Retrieved April 10, 2005, from The Sentencing Project Web site: http://www.sentencingproject.org/pdfs/disparity.pdf
The American Criminal Justice System
Jones, James M. (Winter, 1998). Psychological knowledge and the new American dilemma of race. (race-neutral vs. race-conscious social policies). Journal of Social Issues. (accessed 23 February 2004). <www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m0341/4_54/54422531/print.
Racial Discrimination
Chicago commission on Race Relation - The Negro in Chicago- A study of Race Relation and Race Riot (1922)
Advancement Empowerment for African-Americans
Berlin, Eric P. "Comment, The Federal Sentencing Guidelines' Failure to Eliminate Sentencing Disparity: Governmental Manipulations Before Arrest," 1993 Wis. L. Rev. 187, 206-13
Mandatory Sentencing
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