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Koch, Edward I., Kemp, Jack F., Williams, Walter E., Kirsanow, Peter N., Taylor, Jared, and Buckley, William F., Jr. 1994. "Blacks, Jews, liberals, and crime: is the black-crime problem a crime problem, or is it a poverty problem, or an education problem?
Racism in the Police Force
Hartnagel, T. F. (1998). Labour-Market Problems and Crime in the Transition from School to Work. Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology , 35(4), 435-459.
Unemployment and Crime Rates
Oberwittler, Dietrich. Social Problems and Juvenile crimes. Feb.-Mar. 2005. 19 Sept. 2005 <http://www.iuscrim.mpg.de/forsch/krim/ oberwittler1_e.html>.
Criminal Theory
Webber (1970); cited in Muncie, J. & McLaughlin, E. (1996), " The problem of crime"; Sage and Open University Press, London, p. 271-273
Crime and Maintenance of Social Order
Miller, W. B. (1975). Violence by youth gangs and youth groups as a crime problem in major American cities. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
Law Enforcement Policies Regarding Juvenile Gangs
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