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Vaughan Williams, Ralph. Some Thoughts on Beethoven's Choral Symphony with Writings on Other Musical Subjects. London, NY, Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1953.
The Finale of Beethoven’s Choral Symphony
Treitler, Leo. "History, Criticism, and Beethoven's Ninth Symphony." 19^th-Century Music 3.3 (1980): 193-210.
The Finale of Beethoven’s Choral Symphony
Cook, Nicholas. Beethoven: Symphony No. 9. New York: Cambridge, 1993.
The Finale of Beethoven’s Choral Symphony
Levy, David B. Beethoven: The Ninth Symphony. New York: Schirmer, 1995.
The Finale of Beethoven’s Choral Symphony
Kislan, R. (1995). The musical: A look at the American musical theater. New York: Applause Books.
Musical Theatre History
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