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Fishbein,D. (1990). Biological perspectives in criminology. Criminology, 28, 27-72.
Cesare Lombroso
David Garland, Of Crime and Criminals: The Development of Criminology in Britain, in Maguire et al (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 2003 3^rd Edition , Oxford University Press
Positivism and Modern Criminology
David Garland, Of Crime and Criminals: The Development of Criminology in Britain, in Maguire et al (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Criminology, 2003 3^rd Edition , Oxford University Press
Positivism and Modern Criminology
Hil, Richard, "Facing Change: New Directions for Critical Criminology in the Early New Millennium?" Western Criminology Review 3 (2). [Online]. Available: http://wcr.sonoma.edu/v3n2/hil.html.
The Death Penalty
Vold, G. & Bernard, T. (1986) Theoretical Criminology, 3rd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press) cited in Williams, K. (2004) Textbook on Criminology (Oxford: Oxford University Press)
Labeling Theory
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