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De Lint, Willem. 1998. "Regulating autonomy: police discretion as a problem for training." Canadian Journal of Criminology, July.
Police Discretion
Livingston, Debra. 1997. "Police Discretion and the Quality of Life in Public Places: Courts, Communities, and the New Policing." Columbia Law Review. 97-3, p. 551-672. April.
Organizational Structure of NYPD
Williams, G. H. (1984). The law and politics of police discretion. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. P
Law Enforcement and Arrests
Mieczkowski, T., and Lersch, K. M. (2002) Drug-testing police officers and police recruits: The outcome of urinalysis and hair analysis compared. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management. 25 (3), pp581-601.
Undercover Police
City of Detroit. DATE. "Detroit Police Department Web." The Official Web Site of the City of Detroit. Accessed via the Internet 2/22/04. <http://www.ci.detroit.mi.us/police/police/html/coethic.htm>
Police Codes of Ethics
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