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Shaffer, Donald R. 2000 I Do Not Suppose that Uncle Sam Looks at the Skin": AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE CIVIL WAR PENSION SYSTEM, 1865-1934. Civil War History, Vol. 46, 2000
Recruitment in the Civil War
History of African Americans in the Civil War. No date. National Park Service Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System. May 25, 2004 <http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/history/aa_history.htm>.
African-American War Heroes
African American Civil War Memorial. "United States Colored Troops in the Civil War." Freedom Foundation Museum & Visitors Center, (2004): April, at: http://www.afroamcivilwar.org/
Ed Hamilton and the "Spirit of Freedom"
Span, Christopher M. "Black Flag over Dixie: Racial Atrocities and Reprisals in the Civil War." The Journal of African American History. 2005, January 01. Retrieved July 19 2005 from HighBeam Research Library Web site.
The American Civil War
History of African Americans in the Civil War. No date. National Park Service Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System. May 25, 2004 <http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/history/aa_history.htm>.
African-American War Heroes
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